Attempt Criminology 2021 paper MCQs from the CSS 2021 exam. There are twenty MCQs covering the CSS syllabus of Criminology. You can learn Criminology 2021 MCQs or read their detailed explanations for your exam preparation.
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Q 1: A peeping Tom a person who stealthily peeks into windows, other openings with the purpose of getting a sexual thrill from seeing people undressed or busy in personal relationship considered as a crime against:
A) Property
B) Person
C) Society
D) None of these
Peeping Tom is considered a crime against a person, as it invades their privacy and dignity. Such behavior, where a person stealthily peeks into windows or other openings to observe others without consent, is a violation of personal boundaries and can lead to emotional distress and harm.
Q 2: The pluralistic perspective suggests that behaviors are typically criminalized through:
A) General agreement of members of society
B) A political process
C) The existence of shared norms and values
D) None of these
The pluralistic perspective suggests that behaviors are typically criminalized through a political process influenced by various interest groups, lobbying efforts, and power dynamics. In this view, the criminalization of certain actions is not solely based on their inherent wrongfulness but is subject to negotiation and contestation within the society\'s political arena.
Q 3: ----------- is concerned with the control and prevention of crime in the treatment of offenders:
A) Sociology of law
B) Etiology
C) Penology
D) None of these
Penology is a branch of criminology concerned with the control, prevention, and treatment of offenders. It focuses on understanding and implementing effective strategies for rehabilitation, punishment, and correctional measures.
Q 4: The code of Hammurabi is a well preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dated to about:
A) 1755 BC
B) 1753 BC
C) 1750 BC
D) None of these
The Code of Hammurabi, an ancient Babylonian code of law, dates back to around 1750 BC. It is one of the earliest known legal codes and served as a comprehensive set of laws governing various aspects of Mesopotamian society. The code is famous for its principle of \"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth,\" reflecting a sense of proportionality in punishments.
Q 5: Juvenile Justice System Act was passed in:
A) 2000
B) 2002
C) 2012
D) 2018
The Juvenile Justice System Act, passed in 2018, represents legislative efforts to address issues related to juvenile delinquency. The act aims to provide a separate justice system for young offenders, focusing on rehabilitation and intervention rather than solely punitive measures applied to adult criminals.
Q 6: Phrenology is based in the idea that criminal traits could be determined by the study of:
A) Body type
B) Skull shape
C) Genes
D) None of these
Phrenology, based on the study of skull shape, once claimed to determine criminal traits by examining the bumps and contours of a person\'s head. However, this pseudoscientific theory has long been discredited, as there is no scientific evidence supporting a link between skull shape and criminal behavior.
Q 7: According to psychologist August Aichorn, in psychodynamic theory, delinquency could be caused by a lack of parental love, creating:
A) A regulated id
B) An overdeveloped ego
C) An underdeveloped superego
D) None of these
According to psychologist August Aichorn, delinquency can arise from a lack of parental love during childhood, leading to the development of an underdeveloped superego. The superego is an important aspect of personality that guides moral decision-making, and its deficiency can result in a lack of internalized moral values.
Q 8: --------- definition focuses on criminology’s role in uncovering of the underlying cause of crime:
A) Scientific
B) Causative
C) Disciplinary
D) None of these
The causative definition of criminology delves into the root causes of criminal behavior. It seeks to understand the underlying factors such as socioeconomic conditions, psychological influences, and environmental stressors that contribute to criminal actions.
Q 9: One of the following is not a cause of Juvenile delinquency:
A) Neglected homes
B) Policy inefficiency
C) Lack of proper guidance
D) None of these
Policy inefficiency is not considered a cause of juvenile delinquency. Instead, the causes are often attributed to a combination of individual, family, peer, and societal factors, such as poverty, peer pressure, exposure to violence, and lack of opportunities.
Q 10: A strange development of mutual felling between the hostage and the hostage taker due to the prolong time of negotiation is known as:
A) Camaraderie
B) Sympathy
C) Successful negotiation
D) Stockholm syndrome
Stockholm syndrome is a psychological phenomenon where hostages develop a strange affinity or positive feelings towards their captors, often due to prolonged negotiations and a coping mechanism to survive the traumatic experience.
Q 11: One of the two most common reasons for not reporting violent crime is that victim:
A) Fears future victimization by the same offender
B) Consider the crime to be a private matter
C) Believes the police will be ineffective in solving the crime
D) None of these
One of the most common reasons for not reporting violent crime is that the victim fears future victimization by the same offender. This fear of retaliation or further harm can discourage victims from seeking justice and support, leading to underreporting of violent crimes.
Q 12: -------- coined the sociology terminology \'functionalism\' from a type of crime which is characterized as a consequence of societal requirement, customs and institutions.
A) Robert K. Merton and Talcott Parsons
B) Cesare Beccaria and Cesare Lombroso
C) Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim
D) None of these
Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim are credited with coining the term \'functionalism\' in sociology. Functionalism views crime as a consequence of societal requirements, customs, and institutions. It suggests that some level of deviance is necessary for social stability and cohesion, as it reinforces social norms and reinforces collective values.
Q 13: Magna Charta was signed in:
A) 450 B.C
B) 1215 A.D
C) 1066 A.D
D) None of these
The Magna Carta, signed in 1215 A.D., is a pivotal historical document that established the principle that the king was subject to the law and guaranteed fundamental rights to the English people. It laid the groundwork for modern legal systems and the protection of individual liberties.
Q 14: According to John F. Galliher legal definitions of criminality are arrived at through a ------- process.
A) Sociological
B) Psychological
C) Political
D) None of these
According to John F. Galliher, legal definitions of criminality are arrived at through a sociological process, wherein societal norms, values, and cultural influences shape what behaviors are deemed criminal. This approach recognizes that criminality is not solely determined by inherent individual characteristics but is also a product of the social context.
Q 15: In the early 1960s, what is accredited with bringing the social problem of violence towards children to the attention of the public?
A) Hennery Kempe’s article titled ‘The battered child syndrome’
B) A child being killed in live T.V
C) When Mary Puller drowned her kids in a bath tub
D) None of these
In the early 1960s, Hennery Kempe\'s article titled \'The battered child syndrome\' shed light on the pervasive issue of child abuse and neglect, sparking public awareness and discussions about the protection of children from violence and maltreatment.
Q 16: Human do not necessarily possess an instinct for violence; expression of violence represent:
A) Violence against those that have done you wrong
B) Matters learned in a social context
C) A person’s inner violence towards people
D) None of these
Human violence is not necessarily instinctual; its expression is often learned in a social context. It highlights the importance of societal influences, upbringing, and cultural norms in shaping individual behavior.
Q 17: Job of which of the following probably would not fall within the field of criminalities?
A) Fingerprint examiner
B) Polygraph operator
C) Forensics examiner
D) Correctional officer
Jobs like a forensics examiner fall within the realm of forensic science, which deals with the examination of physical evidence related to crimes, rather than the study of criminal behaviors and the legal aspects of crime itself.
Q 18: Atavistic anomalies a term coined by:
A) Edwin Sutherland
B) Lombroso
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) None of these
The term \"atavistic anomalies,\" coined by Lombroso, was a concept in criminology that suggested some individuals were \"born criminals\" due to primitive or evolutionary throwbacks, later debunked and criticized for its flawed methodology and biased assumptions.
Q 19: According to Elliot Currie, the -------- is the rate of crime calculated on the basis of crime that would likely be committed by those who are incapacitated by the justice system:
A) Actual crime rate
B) Criminality index
C) Latent crime rate
D) Clearance rate
The clearance rate, as described by Elliot Currie, is the rate of crime calculated based on offenses likely to be committed by those incapacitated by the justice system, such as arrests or convictions. It helps measure the effectiveness of law enforcement efforts in resolving criminal cases.
Q 20: Social disorganization can reduce social capital and collective efficacy and thereby increase crime and violence rates is the argument of:
A) Glueck & Glueck
B) Robert Ezra Park
C) Sampson
D) None of these
Social disorganization, as argued by Sampson, suggests that when communities lack strong social structures and collective efficacy, crime and violence rates tend to increase. The breakdown of social bonds, weak community ties, and a lack of mutual trust can lead to an environment where criminal behavior thrives.
